एलिजाबेथ प्रथम - जीवनी और उसकी विदेश नीति
M.J. P.R.U., B. A. I, History II / 2020
प्रश्न 9. "एलिजाबेथ का शासनकाल इंग्लैण्ड के इतिहास का स्वर्ण युग था। स्पष्ट कीजिए।
प्रश्न 9. "एलिजाबेथ का शासनकाल इंग्लैण्ड के इतिहास का स्वर्ण युग था। स्पष्ट कीजिए।
अथवा '' महारानी एलिजाबेथ प्रथम के जीवन और उसकी विदेश नीति पर प्रकाश डालिए
उत्तर- महारानी एलिजाबेथ प्रथम (1558 से 1603 ई. तक)
मेरी ट्यूडर की मृत्यु के उपरान्त हेनरी अष्टम एवं ऐन बोलेन की पुत्री एलिजाबेथ
प्रथम 16 नवम्बर, 1558 को इंग्लैण्ड की गद्दी पर बैठी। उसमें अपने
पिता हेनरी अष्टम के अनेक गुण विद्यमान थे। वह अनेक भाषाएँ बोल सकती थी
और नृत्य, शिकार, घुड़सवारी आदि में रुचि रखती थी। वह हँसमुख तथा
मिलनसार स्वभाव की थी। इस कारण वह सदा अपनी प्रजा की प्रेम-पात्र बनी रही। उसे
अपने पिता के समान उद्देश्य पूर्ति के लिए कूटनीति का प्रयोग करने में किसी भी
प्रकार का संकोच अनुभव नहीं होता था। स्वार्थ से उसकी दृष्टि कभी न इटली थी और वह
अपनी शक्ति एवं अधिकार बढ़ाने के लिए सदैव प्रयत्नशील रहती थी। विलासिता के लिए धन
व्यय करने में उसे तनिक भी संकोच नहीं होता था। इसके बावजूद उसे अपने हितों के लिए
अपने देश का अहित कभी भी गवारा नहीं था। उसने बड़े-बड़े धार्मिक तथा राजनीतिक
प्रश्नों को सुलझाने में अपूर्व
साहस, दृढ़ता एवं दूरदर्शिता से
काम लिया। इसीलिए उसके शासनकाल में म इलैण्ड ने काफी उन्नति की और अपनी खोई हुई
प्रतिष्ठा को पुनः प्राप्त किया। इलैण्ड के इतिहास में एलिजाबेथ प्रथम का नाम
स्वर्णाक्षरों में अंकित है।
महारानी एलिजाबेथ
की विदेश नीति
इंग्लैण्ड के बाहर भी एलिजाबेथ के शत्रु मौजूद थे। मेरी की मृत्यु के समय
इंग्लैण्ड एवं फ्रांस के मध्य युद्ध हो रहा था। एलिजाबेथ ने शीघ्र ही इस युद्ध का
अन्त कर दिया। यद्यपि उसे कैले पर से अपना अधिकार खोना पड़ा था, परन्तु इसके पश्चात् भी इंग्लैण्ड और फ्रांस की
शत्रुता समाप्त न हो सकी। स्पेन का काट फिलिप भी फ्रांस का शत्रु था, इसीलिए कट्टर कैथोलिक होते हुए भी उसने कुछ समय
तक प्रोटेस्टैण्ट एलिजाबेथ का साथ दिया। परन्तु उसकी मित्रता स्वार्थपूर्ण थी।
वास्तव में फिलिप फ्रांस की ही भाँति इंग्लैण्ड से भी द्वेष रखता था। अत: इस बात
की भी आशंका थी कि स्पेन तथा फ्रांस, दोनों मिलकर इंग्लैण्ड पर
आक्रमण न कर दें, परन्तु एलिजाबेथ की कूटनीति ने ऐसा न होने
दिया।
स्कॉटलैण्ड तथा इंग्लैण्ड के सम्बन्ध
स्कॉटलैण्ड के निवासी कैथोलिक धर्म के अनुयायी थे। परन्तु प्रसिद्ध धर्म
उपदेशक जॉन नॉक्स (John Know) के उपदेशों का उन पर ऐसा प्रभाव पड़ा कि वे लोग
कट्टर प्रोटेस्टैण्ट बन गए। इसलिए पुरानी कैथोलिक संस्थाएँ नष्ट कर दी गईं और उसके
स्थान पर नवीन धर्म व्यवस्था स्थापित की गई। पादरियों को हटाकर धार्मिक कार्य की
देखभाल छोटी-छोटी काउन्सिलों के सुपुर्द की गई, जिसके सदस्य प्रेजिस्टर (Presbyter) अर्थात् 'वृद्धजन' कहलाते थे। अत: यहाँ के
चर्च का नाम भी प्रेबिस्टेरियन चर्च (Presbyterian Church) पड़ गया।
स्कॉटलैण्डवासियों को अपनी रानी मेरी स्टुअर्ट का कुछ भी भय नहीं था, जबकि वह कट्टर कैथोलिक थी। उसका पति फ्रांसिस द्वितीय उसका साथ देने को तैयार
था तथा स्कॉटलैण्ड की प्रजा का उत्साह इतना अधिक बढ़ा हुआ था कि वह मेरी और
फ्रांसिस के विरुद्ध अंग्रेजों से मित्रता करने को तैयार हो गई।
स्पेन तथा इंग्लैण्ड के सम्बन्ध
स्कॉटलैण्ड की महारानी मेरी स्टुअर्ट को राज्य दिलाने के लिए इंग्लैण्ड में
कैथोलिक लोग एलिजाबेथ के विरुद्ध षड्यन्त्र रचते थे, उनसे फिलिप द्वितीय को
पूर्ण सहानुभूति थी। परन्तु वह अपनी शत्रुता को प्रकट नहीं होने देना चाहता था। वह
दिखावे के लिए मेरी की मृत्यु तक इंग्लैण्ड का मित्र बना रहा। उसे यह भय था कि यदि
उसका इंग्लैण्ड से युद्ध प्रारम्भ हो गया, तो कहीं फ्रांस भी उसके
विरुद्ध न हो जाए। यही भाव एलिजाबेथ का भी था। वह भी प्रत्यक्ष युद्ध नहीं चाहती
थी, परन्तु गुप्त रूप से फिलिप के शत्रुओं की सहायता करने को
तैयार थी नीदरलैण्ड्स भी फिलिप के राज्य में सम्मिलित था। 1572 ई. में नीदरलैण्ड्स
आदि कई प्रोटेस्टैण्ट राज्यों ने उसके धार्मिक अत्याचारों के कारण उसके विरुद्ध
विद्रोह प्रारम्भ कर दिया। विद्रोहियों का नेतृत्व विलियम ऑफ ऑरेंज (William of Orange) कर रहा था,
जिसका प्रपौत्र विलियम
तृतीय के नाम से बाद में इंग्लैण्ड का राजा हुआ। जब तक विलियम जीवित रहा, विद्रोही निरन्तर सफलत प्राप्त करते रहे और फिलिप कुछ न कर सका। परन्तु 1584
ई. में फिलिप ने विलियम की हत्या करवा दी। यद्यपि एलिजाबेथ यह नहीं चाहती थी।
किन्तु इससे इंग्लैण्ड को पुन: सफलता की आशा होने लगी। 1586 ई. में उसने अपने प्रेमी आलं ऑबलेस्टर को सेना देकर डचों की सहायता हेतु भेज
दिया। लिजाबेथ उससे इतनी प्रसन्न थी कि यदि वह अविवाहित रहने का निश्चय न कर चुकी
होती, तो शायद उससे विवाह कर
लेती। वास्तव में एलिजाबेथ का विवाह न करना भी उसकी एक कूटनीति थी, जिससे वह समय-समय पर लाभ उठाने की चेष्टा करती
रहती थी। यद्यपि आर्ल को युद्ध का कुछ भी अनुभव न था. फिर भी उसने डचों को सहायता
प्रदान की और स्पेन के विरुद्ध कई लड़ाइयों में भाग लिया।
समुद्र पर इंग्लैण्ड का
प्रभाव
एलिजाबेथ के शासनकाल में इंग्लैण्ड की नौसेना का पर्याप्त विकास हुआ और उसने
समुद्र की लहरों पर इंग्लैण्ड का प्रभाव बढ़ाना प्रारम्भ किया। इस समय बक अमेरिका
की खोज हो चुकी थी और पूर्वी देशों के समुद्री मार्गों का पता लगा जिया गया।
विभिन्न यूरोपीय देश विदेशों में अपने उपनिवेश स्थापित कर अष्ट्रिीय व्यापार में
संलग्न होकर अत्यधिक सम्पन्नता अर्जित करने में जुटे हुए दे इनमें से पुर्तगाल,
स्पेन, फ्रांस आदि प्रमुख थे। हेनरी सप्तम ने कोलम्बस की नई दनिया' की खोज से प्रेरित होकर इंग्लैण्ड के नाविक जॉन
कैबट (John Cabcr) आदि को नवीन
देशों एवं जलमार्गों की खोज के लिए समुद्र में भेजा। इननी अष्टम के काल में नौसेना
में बहुत सुधार हुआ और एलिजाबेथ के शालकाल में इंग्लैण्ड ने इस क्षेत्र में
पर्याप्त प्रगति की। उसके नाविकों ने समुद्र में अनेक सहसिक यात्राएँ की और भारत
तथा पूर्वी देशों के जलमार्गों का पता मनाया। इंग्लैण्ड के नाविक सर वाल्टर रैले
तथा सर जॉन हॉकिन्स आदि ने इस क्षेत्र में विशेष प्रगति की। फलस्वरूप इंग्लैण्ड ने
अमेरिका में वर्जीनिया' नामक बस्ती बसाई।
भारत के जलमार्ग का पता चलते ही इंग्लैण्ड ने भारत से व्यापार बन्य स्थापित किया।
इलैण्ड की नौसेना स्पेन की तुलना में अपनी श्रेष्ठता सिद्ध करना चाहती बी
इंग्लैण्ड के प्रसिद्ध नाविक सर फ्रांसिस ड्रेक ने प्रशान्त महासागर देखा। वह 51ईमें पाँच जहाजों का बेड़ा लेकर प्लीमथ में
दक्षिणी अमेरिका की ओर बटा। परन्तु प्रशान्त महासागर तक उसका पेलिकन नामक जहाज ही
पहुँच सका। कने स्पेन पहुँचकर कई स्पेनी नगर लूट लिए। इसके उपरान्त वह समस्त
पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा करता हुआ 1580 ई. में
इंग्लैण्ड लौटा। इससे पूर्व किसी भी अंग्रेज ने पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा नहीं की थी। इंग्लैण्ड में
ड्रेक का स्वागत किया गया और पानी लिजावेथ ने उसे 'नाइट' की उपाधि से
सम्मानित किया। एलिजाबेथ को अपनी जल शक्ति पर बड़ा भरोसा था, जिसके प्रबन्ध का भार लॉर्ड हवार्ड, हॉकिन्स और ड्रेक जैसे
साहसी एवं अनुभवी लोगों पर था। जुलाई, 1588 ई. में स्पेन की
नौसेना के 'आर्मेडा' नामक विशाल जहाजी बेड़े
ने इंग्लैण्ड पर आक्रमण के लिए ब्रिटिश चैनल में प्रवेश किया। इसके प्रतिरोध के
लिए हवार्ड, ड्रेक आदि प्लीमथ के बन्दरगाह पर तैयार खड़े थे।
इन साहसी नौसैनिकों ने स्पेन के जहाजी बेड़े में आग लगा दी। उसी समय भयानक समुद्री
तूफान भी आ गया और अनेक जहाज जो आग से बच गए थे, तूफान की चपेट में आकर
नष्ट हो गए। इस आक्रमण में स्पेन की बहुत हानि हुई और उसके 120 जहाजों में से केवल
54 जहाज ही बचकर स्पेन पहुँच सके। _
अब इंग्लैण्ड की नौसेना
का महत्त्व सम्पूर्ण यूरोप में माना जाने लगा और एलिजाबेथ अपने शत्रुओं की ओर से
निश्चिन्त हो गई। प्रोटेस्टैण्ट पक्ष को भी अब कैथोलिक पक्ष की ओर से कोई भय न
रहा। अंग्रेजों की वीरता और पराक्रम की चर्चा यूरोप में फैल गई। परन्तु इस पर भी
युद्ध का अन्त न हुआ और इसके पश्चात् 15 वर्षों तक स्पेन और इंग्लैण्ड के मध्य
छिटपुट संघर्ष चलता रहा।
इंग्लैण्ड तथा आयरलैण्ड
स्पेन से छुटकारा पाने के पश्चात् एलिजाबेथ ने आयरलैण्ड की ओर ध्यान दिया।
उसने 'बैरनो की शक्ति' का कठोर विरोध किया और
उनका दमन किया। उसने बहुत-से अंग्रेजों को आयरलैण्ड रहने के लिए भेज दिया।
आयरलैण्ड के निवासी कट्टर कैथोलिक थे। अंग्रेजों के यहाँ बसने के पश्चात् उनका
कट्टरपन और अधिक बढ़ गया, जिसका परिणाम यह हुआ कि 1598 ई. में वहाँ
विद्रोह हो गया। एलिजाबेथ ने बड़ी ही सफलतापूर्वक इस विद्रोह का दमन किया और वहाँ
शान्ति स्थापित की।
संक्षेप में, एलिजाबेथ की विदेश नीति सफल रही, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप इंग्लैण्ड की शक्ति में अभूतपूर्व वृद्धि हुई और वह यूरोप
का एक शक्तिशाली राष्ट्र बन गया।
IN ENGLISH
Question 9. "Elizabeth's reign was the golden age of the history of England. Explain. M.J. P.R.U., B. A. I, History II
Or throw light on the life and foreign policy of Queen Elizabeth I
Answer - Queen Elizabeth I (1558 to 1603 AD)
After the death of Mary Tudor, Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, ascended the throne of England on 16 November 1558. He had many qualities of his father Henry VIII. She could speak many languages
And was interested in dancing, hunting, horse riding etc. She was cheerful and sociable. Because of this, she always remained the love interest of her subjects. He did not feel any kind of hesitation in using diplomacy for the purpose of his father. She never had a vision of selfishness in Italy and she was always trying to increase her power and authority. He was not at all hesitant to spend money for luxury. Despite this, he never lost his country for his interests. He was unique in solving big religious and political questions
Worked with courage, perseverance and foresight. Therefore, during his reign, England made great progress and regained its lost prestige. The name of Elizabeth I is mentioned in the golden letters in the history of England.
Queen Elizabeth's Foreign Policy
Elizabeth's enemies were also present outside England. At the time of Mary's death, there was a war between England and France. Elizabeth soon put an end to this war. Although he had to lose his authority over Calle, the hostilities of England and France could not be ended even after this. Spain's cut Philip was also an enemy of France, so despite being a staunch Catholic, he sided with Protestant Elizabeth for some time. But his friendship was selfish. In fact Philip, like France, was also disgusted with England. Therefore, there was also the possibility that both Spain and France should not attack England together, but Elizabeth's diplomacy did not allow this to happen.
Scotland and England relations
Residents of Scotland were followers of Catholicism. But the teachings of the famous preacher John Knox had such an impact on them that they became staunch Protestants. Hence the old Catholic institutions were destroyed and a new religious system was replaced. Religious work was taken care of by the small councils after the priests were removed, whose members were called Presbyter. Hence, the name of the church here also came to be known as the Presbyterian Church. The Scottish people had no fear of their queen Mary Stuart, while she was a staunch Catholic. Her husband Francis II was ready to support her and the enthusiasm of the subjects of Scotland was so much increased that she agreed to befriend the British against Mary and Francis.
Relations between Spain and England
Philip II had full sympathy with the Catholics in England plotting against Elizabeth to get Queen Stuart to the Kingdom of Scotland. But he did not want to let his enmity appear. He remained a friend of England till the death of Mary for show. He feared that if his war with England started, France might not be against him. Elizabeth had the same sentiment. She also did not want a direct war, but was willing to help Philip's enemies in secret, the Netherlands was also included in Philip's kingdom. In 1572, several Protestant states, such as the Netherlands, started a revolt against him due to his religious atrocities. The rebels were led by William of Orange, whose great-grandson William III later became the King of England. As long as William was alive, the rebels continued to achieve success, and Philip could do nothing. But in 1584 AD Philip got William killed. Although Elizabeth did not want this. But this again made England hope for success. In 1586 AD, he sent his lover Alain Oblester and sent him to help the Dutch. Lizabeth was so pleased with him that if she had not decided to remain unmarried, she might have married him. In fact, Elizabeth's not marrying was also a diplomacy, which she kept trying to take advantage of from time to time. Although Arl had no experience of war. Nevertheless he assisted the Dutch and participated in many battles against Spain.
England's influence on the sea
During the reign of Elizabeth, the Navy of England developed well enough and began to increase the influence of England on the waves of the sea. At this time, Buck America was discovered and the sea routes of the eastern countries were discovered. Various European countries established their colonies abroad and engaged in international trade and engaged in achieving greater prosperity, among which were Portugal, Spain, France etc. Henry VII, inspired by Columbus' discovery of 'New World', sent England sailor John Cabcr etc. to the sea to explore new countries and waterways. During his reign, the navy was greatly improved, and during the reign of Elizabeth, England made substantial progress in this area. His sailors at sea Made many Sahasik trips and observed the waterways of India and the eastern countries. The sailors of England, Sir Walter Raley and Sir John Hawkins, etc., made special progress in this field. As a result, England established a colony called 'Virginia' in America. England established a trade settlement with India as soon as India's waterway was discovered.
The Navy of England wanted to prove its superiority over Spain. Sir Francis Drake, the famous sailor of England, saw the Pacific Ocean. In 51 CE, he took a fleet of five ships to the South America at Pleimath. But only a ship named Pelican could reach the Pacific Ocean. Kané reached Spain and looted many Spanish cities. After this, he returned to England in 1580 AD, orbiting the entire earth. Before this, no British orbited the earth. Drake was welcomed in England and was awarded the title of 'Knight' by Pani Lizaweth. Elizabeth had great confidence in her water power, the management of which was on the courageous and experienced people like Lord Howard, Hawkins and Drake. In July, 1588, a large ship fleet called 'Armeda' of the Spanish Navy entered the British Channel to attack England. Howard, Drake, etc. stood ready at the port of Pleimath to resist it. These daring marines set fire to the Spanish fleet. At the same time, a terrible storm came and many ships that survived the fire were destroyed by the storm. Spain suffered a lot in this attack and only 54 of its 120 ships survived and reached Spain. _ Now the importance of the Navy of England began to be considered all over Europe and Elizabeth became determined on behalf of her enemies. The Protestant side is no longer afraid of the Catholic side. Discussions of British bravery and might spread to Europe. But even then, the war did not end and after this, sporadic conflict continued between Spain and England for 15 years.
England and Ireland
After getting rid of Spain, Elizabeth turned to Ireland. He strongly opposed and suppressed the 'power of barreno'. He sent many British to live in Ireland. The inhabitants of Ireland were staunch Catholics. After the British settled here, their fanaticism increased further, which resulted in a revolt there in 1598 AD. Elizabeth successfully suppressed this rebellion and established peace there.
In short, Elizabeth's foreign policy was successful, resulting in an unprecedented increase in the power of England and becoming a powerful nation in Europe.
MJPRU STUDY POINT | M.J. P.R.U., B. A. I, History II
IN ENGLISH
Question 9. "Elizabeth's reign was the golden age of the history of England. Explain. M.J. P.R.U., B. A. I, History II
Or throw light on the life and foreign policy of Queen Elizabeth I
Answer - Queen Elizabeth I (1558 to 1603 AD)
After the death of Mary Tudor, Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, ascended the throne of England on 16 November 1558. He had many qualities of his father Henry VIII. She could speak many languages
And was interested in dancing, hunting, horse riding etc. She was cheerful and sociable. Because of this, she always remained the love interest of her subjects. He did not feel any kind of hesitation in using diplomacy for the purpose of his father. She never had a vision of selfishness in Italy and she was always trying to increase her power and authority. He was not at all hesitant to spend money for luxury. Despite this, he never lost his country for his interests. He was unique in solving big religious and political questions
Worked with courage, perseverance and foresight. Therefore, during his reign, England made great progress and regained its lost prestige. The name of Elizabeth I is mentioned in the golden letters in the history of England.
Queen Elizabeth's Foreign Policy
Elizabeth's enemies were also present outside England. At the time of Mary's death, there was a war between England and France. Elizabeth soon put an end to this war. Although he had to lose his authority over Calle, the hostilities of England and France could not be ended even after this. Spain's cut Philip was also an enemy of France, so despite being a staunch Catholic, he sided with Protestant Elizabeth for some time. But his friendship was selfish. In fact Philip, like France, was also disgusted with England. Therefore, there was also the possibility that both Spain and France should not attack England together, but Elizabeth's diplomacy did not allow this to happen.
Scotland and England relations
Residents of Scotland were followers of Catholicism. But the teachings of the famous preacher John Knox had such an impact on them that they became staunch Protestants. Hence the old Catholic institutions were destroyed and a new religious system was replaced. Religious work was taken care of by the small councils after the priests were removed, whose members were called Presbyter. Hence, the name of the church here also came to be known as the Presbyterian Church. The Scottish people had no fear of their queen Mary Stuart, while she was a staunch Catholic. Her husband Francis II was ready to support her and the enthusiasm of the subjects of Scotland was so much increased that she agreed to befriend the British against Mary and Francis.
Relations between Spain and England
Philip II had full sympathy with the Catholics in England plotting against Elizabeth to get Queen Stuart to the Kingdom of Scotland. But he did not want to let his enmity appear. He remained a friend of England till the death of Mary for show. He feared that if his war with England started, France might not be against him. Elizabeth had the same sentiment. She also did not want a direct war, but was willing to help Philip's enemies in secret, the Netherlands was also included in Philip's kingdom. In 1572, several Protestant states, such as the Netherlands, started a revolt against him due to his religious atrocities. The rebels were led by William of Orange, whose great-grandson William III later became the King of England. As long as William was alive, the rebels continued to achieve success, and Philip could do nothing. But in 1584 AD Philip got William killed. Although Elizabeth did not want this. But this again made England hope for success. In 1586 AD, he sent his lover Alain Oblester and sent him to help the Dutch. Lizabeth was so pleased with him that if she had not decided to remain unmarried, she might have married him. In fact, Elizabeth's not marrying was also a diplomacy, which she kept trying to take advantage of from time to time. Although Arl had no experience of war. Nevertheless he assisted the Dutch and participated in many battles against Spain.
England's influence on the sea
During the reign of Elizabeth, the Navy of England developed well enough and began to increase the influence of England on the waves of the sea. At this time, Buck America was discovered and the sea routes of the eastern countries were discovered. Various European countries established their colonies abroad and engaged in international trade and engaged in achieving greater prosperity, among which were Portugal, Spain, France etc. Henry VII, inspired by Columbus' discovery of 'New World', sent England sailor John Cabcr etc. to the sea to explore new countries and waterways. During his reign, the navy was greatly improved, and during the reign of Elizabeth, England made substantial progress in this area. His sailors at sea Made many Sahasik trips and observed the waterways of India and the eastern countries. The sailors of England, Sir Walter Raley and Sir John Hawkins, etc., made special progress in this field. As a result, England established a colony called 'Virginia' in America. England established a trade settlement with India as soon as India's waterway was discovered.
The Navy of England wanted to prove its superiority over Spain. Sir Francis Drake, the famous sailor of England, saw the Pacific Ocean. In 51 CE, he took a fleet of five ships to the South America at Pleimath. But only a ship named Pelican could reach the Pacific Ocean. Kané reached Spain and looted many Spanish cities. After this, he returned to England in 1580 AD, orbiting the entire earth. Before this, no British orbited the earth. Drake was welcomed in England and was awarded the title of 'Knight' by Pani Lizaweth. Elizabeth had great confidence in her water power, the management of which was on the courageous and experienced people like Lord Howard, Hawkins and Drake. In July, 1588, a large ship fleet called 'Armeda' of the Spanish Navy entered the British Channel to attack England. Howard, Drake, etc. stood ready at the port of Pleimath to resist it. These daring marines set fire to the Spanish fleet. At the same time, a terrible storm came and many ships that survived the fire were destroyed by the storm. Spain suffered a lot in this attack and only 54 of its 120 ships survived and reached Spain. _ Now the importance of the Navy of England began to be considered all over Europe and Elizabeth became determined on behalf of her enemies. The Protestant side is no longer afraid of the Catholic side. Discussions of British bravery and might spread to Europe. But even then, the war did not end and after this, sporadic conflict continued between Spain and England for 15 years.
England and Ireland
After getting rid of Spain, Elizabeth turned to Ireland. He strongly opposed and suppressed the 'power of barreno'. He sent many British to live in Ireland. The inhabitants of Ireland were staunch Catholics. After the British settled here, their fanaticism increased further, which resulted in a revolt there in 1598 AD. Elizabeth successfully suppressed this rebellion and established peace there.
In short, Elizabeth's foreign policy was successful, resulting in an unprecedented increase in the power of England and becoming a powerful nation in Europe.
MJPRU STUDY POINT | M.J. P.R.U., B. A. I, History II
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